Abstract: Mine sensor network technology is one of the key technologies of coal mine safety system and the basic guarantee of coal mine environmental monitoring and inspecting. At present, coal mine sensor network mainly adopts industrial Ethernet + fieldbus technology, which has the characteristics of differential signal transmission, collection polling and convenient application, but there are problems such as insufficient anti-interference ability, contradictory communication speed and distance, and difficult communication between nodes. Therefore, based on the “cloud-edge-end” system architecture, a method of constructing sensor network with optical medium is proposed. With optical media multi-point sensing transmission technology as the core, passive polymerization spectroscopy technology is adopted to form a tree sensor network structure of optical branches, which solves the communication problem of safety monitoring sensor network, and realizes the technical breakthrough of optical fiber to the end of coal mine. The integrated transceiver design, which uses high-performance processor to control the wavelength of optical signal, increases the communication speed of sensor network to 2 Mbit/s; the network search algorithm is used to plan the routing path, and the sensor nodes index the path according to the unique address, which realizes the collision-free interconnection between the sensors. Compared with the existing bus sensor network, the optical medium sensor network has the characteristics of faster communication speed, stronger anti-interference ability, less system level, better interconnection, more reasonable control logic and higher intelligent service.